Teaching with Thematic UnitsBy: Carmen Willings
teachingvisuallyimpaired.com Teaching in thematic units can help a student make connections between and among the topics of instruction that are discussed. Units expand vocabulary, concepts, and skills beyond those which can be experienced incidentally in daily routines or in isolation. The selection of themes should be based on what is happening in the lives of the students and what information will be concrete and meaningful to them. Design units based on student interest, community events, and things that are naturally occurring in the student’s environment. Units should have relevance for the student and the area in which you live. The units should respect and embrace cultural and family differences and traditions. While the goal is to provide a rich array of common experiences, take advantages of special opportunities. Such experiences will be a valuable enrichment to your student’s life and yours. When determining what units to study, consider field trips or community experiences that would provide the students with hands-on, concrete experiences. This could be a community outing, or it could be a simple trip to the parking lot if you are discussing vehicles, or a nature walk to discuss a nature-related topic. If it is not possible to go on a field trip, the next best experience is to explore real objects outside of their natural environment. This can be done by bringing real materials into the classroom or by arranging a visit from guest speakers.
With each unit, consider how real activities, objects, places, and people can be incorporated. Make learning experiences as concrete, interactive, and multi-sensory as possible. Do this by using real things, when possible, so the students can use all of their other senses to supplement their loss of vision. When presenting objects to the student, be sure to provide plenty of time and physical guidance to gently explore the object. It is important to provide this guided exploration of real materials, particularly if the student has not had direct contact and interaction with the real item (Do not assume that a student has had experiences even with what you think may be common objects). Once the student has had an opportunity to have a real-life experience with the object, it is acceptable to provide a scale model of the object in order for the student to get an idea of its spatial arrangement and to feel it as a whole. This thoughtful planning will make the learning experiences more relevant and meaningful to the students. Sometimes it will be necessary to teach units that do not lend themselves well to hands-on experiences in the natural environment. These units are necessary in order to help students understand content standards developed by the state. Such topics include outer space, foreign countries, etc. When introducing topics that are unavailable or inaccessible to touch (for example the galaxy or foreign countries), it is acceptable to use a scale model of the object(s). All students will benefit when the focus of instruction is to build concepts through direct experience and interaction with the environment. Incidental learning is not effective with students with multiple disabilities. Some concepts may be fragmented, as touch and sound may provide only partial understanding without guided exploration and verbal explanations. Use of real objects and experiences during instruction increases tactile, auditory, and visual comprehension for students. Be sure to plan lessons that challenge each student. Each student must participate at a level they can. Facilitate and guide learning to provide a supportive “scaffold” that enables each child to move to the next level of independent functioning. Learning activities should be developed to accommodate differences in ability and interest. Incorporate task analysis, backward chaining, modeling, motoring, demonstration, use of routines, reinforcement. In order to keep in mind what each student is working on – create charts that display items from each student’s IEP and hang on the wall or cabinet if you have a classroom(remember to not identify the student, but instead use color, shape or another type of code). |
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Guiding Principles Functional Skills Community Based Experiences Concepts to Teach Access to Instruction Organization & Study Skills Time Management Virtual Instruction Movies & Assemblies Lectures & Instruction Board Work (Chalk, White, etc.) Daily Schedule Morning Meeting Weather Check Dramatic Play Blocks Numbers & Counting Cranmer Abacus Instruction Algebra Geometry & Spatial Sense Measurement & Data Early Literacy Experiences Create Tactual Books Reading Instruction Reading Efficiency Science Adaptations Social Studies Adaptations Communication Modes Accessible Educational Materials Individual Schedules & Communication Cards Adjust Lighting Large Print Optical Devices for Near Optical Devices for Distance Optical Device Use Photocopying Font Legibility Increase Contrast Pictures & Worksheets Keyboarding Instruction Word Processing and Shortcuts Navigate Computer w/o a Mouse Braille Code Braille Instruction Braille Instruction Materials Writing Braille Summer Reading (braille) Signature & Handwriting Nemeth Braille Code Tactile Graphics Guidelines Creating Tactile Graphics Tactile Graphics Instruction Teacher Made Materials Labeling System assistive technology
Overview of Assistive Technology VI AT Resources Non-Optical Low Vision Devices Video Magnifiers Video Magnifier Instruction Screen Enlargement & Readers Low/Med. Tech Tactual Devices Notetaker Instruction Braillewriter Repair Tactile Graphics Technology Braille Technology Auditory Access Devices Accessing Audio Books iPads as Instructional Tools Making iOS Device Accessible iOS Accessibility Resources VoiceOver Apps for VI Note Taking apps Apps for Accessing Books Identification Apps Navigation & Location Apps Braille Apps Magnifier Apps Sound Making Apps Cause & Effect Apps Vision Skills Apps Apps for Early Learning Read to Me Story Apps Apps for Communication Android Apps for VI sensory efficiency
Sensory Input Encourage Use of Vision Sensory Area & Rooms Lightbox Use Sensory Activities for Students with Multiple Disabilities Sensory Tables Visual Efficiency Skills Visual Attend and Scan Activities Visual Tracking Activities Visual Discrimination Activities Visual Motor Activities Tactual Readiness Developing Skillful Hands Auditory Readiness Listening Skill Instruction independent living
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